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Botanical descriptions Ecology Distribution Literatures
| Habit : | Trees up to 15 m tall. |
| Trunk & Bark : | Trunk often spinescent; bark grey, peeling off in to irregular flakes; blaze dull yellow. |
| Branches and Branchlets : | Branchlets terete, slender, pubescent when young. |
| Leaves : | Leaves simple, alternate, distichous; petiole to 0.5-1.0 cm long, canaliculate or planoconvex, pubescent; lamina 3-11 x 1.4-5 cm, usually ovate-oblong, apex acute or obtuse, base truncate to subcordate sometimes rounded, chartaceous, softly pubescent on both side when young, later glabrous; midrib flat or slightly canaliculate above; secondary_nerves 5-9 pairs, slender; tertiary_nerves broadly reticulate. |
| Inflorescence / Flower : | Flowers unisexual, dioecious; male flowers greenish, in axillary cymes; female solitary, axillary. |
| Fruit and Seed : | Berry, globose, to 2 cm across; seeds usually 4-8, sometimes 2, blackish-brown. |