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Botanical descriptions Habitat and ecology Distribution
Diagnostic characters : | Leaves lanceolate, untoothed or slightly toothed near top only, glossy above when mature and slightly silvery . Twigs with conspicuous lenticels. Fruit obliquely ovoid with 4-5 rows of short and irregular spines. |
Habit : | Evergreen tree up to 40 m high, 60-250 cm in diameter. Branches ascending to main trunk. |
Trunk & bark : | Trunk straight. Bark deeply fissured, pustular and densely lenticellate, greyish-brown or dark brown, inner bark reddish. Wood white. |
Branches and branchlets or twigs : | Twigs terete, glabrous, reddish-brown, lenticellate. |
Exudates : | Exudate absent. |
Leaves : | Leaves simple alternate and spiral, 5-15 by 2.5 - 6 cm, lanceolate with long tip, base acute to attenuate, margin slightly dentate near top only, blade coriaceous, drying light yellow, glossy above and beneath. Below slightly brown-silvery due to scales. Young leaves densely tomentose, brownish. Midrib canaliculated above, primary vein single, secondary veins oblique to the midrib, widely parallel, tertiary veins oblique. Stipules triangular, very small. |
Inflorescences or flowers : | Flowers grouped in panicle of spikes, terminal or axillary, yellowish. |
Fruits : | Fruit ovoid nut, spiny, 1.5-2 by 1-1.53 cm, green when young. |
Seeds : | 1-2 seeds, slightly pointed at tip, smooth and slightly hairy. |