Hopea odorata Roxb. - DIPTEROCARPACEAE

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Botanical descriptions Habitat and ecology Distribution

Botanical descriptions :

Diagnostic characters : Large evergreen trees, bark deeply fissured, exudate resinous. Leaves with glabrous domatia. Stipules present, small. Flowers bisexual, yellow. Fruit a winged nut with 2 long wings and 3 short.
Habit : Large evergreen tree up to 40 m tall.
Trunk & bark : Bole straight, bark dark grey brown, deeply fissured.
Branches and branchlets or twigs : Twigs terete, glabrous.
Exudates : Exudate resinous.
Leaves : Leaves simple, alternate and distichous, narrowly ovate to elliptic, apex acute, base rounded, domatia present, glabrous, margin entire.
Primary veins single, secondary and tertiary veins oblique.
Stipules present, tiny, free, not encircling the twig.
Inflorescences or flowers : Flowers yellow, arranged in a many-flowered inflorescence, terminal or in the upper leaf axils, bisexual, pedicels up to 3 mm long.
Fruits : Fruit a winged nut, up to 6 cm long, with 2 long and 3 short wings, not splitting open, body smooth.
Seeds : Seed 1.

Habitat and ecology :

Fairly common in evergreen forest.

Distribution :

Burma (Myanmar), India (Andamans), Indochina, Malaysia (North Peninsula), Thailand, Laos (Khammouan).

Remark/notes/uses :
Durable timber used for shipbuilding and houses. Bark is rich in tannins and used to treat diarrhoea, and sometimes used to replace betel nut in betel quid. It is one ingredient of a remedy for the treatment of inflammation of the gums and incontinence.

Specimens studied :
BT 165, BT 318 (Herbarium of Faculty of Sciences-NUoL, NHN-Leiden and CIRAD-Montpellier).

Literature :
Gardner S., Sidisunthorn P. & Anusarnsunthorn V. 2000. A field guide to Forest Trees of Northern Thailand. Kobfai Publishing Project. Bangkok. Thailand.

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