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Botanical descriptions Habitat and ecology Distribution
Diagnostic characters : | Evergreen conifer, bark scaly. Exudate resinous, orange-red, aromatic. Leaves linear in flattened sprays. Female cones long, upright. Seeds winged. |
Habit : | Large Gymnosperm evergreen tree, up to 25 m. tall, about 80 cm. in DBH (or more). Upright single stemmed tree. |
Trunk & bark : | Trunk with greyish-brown scales, outer bark thin about 1 mm. thick, brown, inner bark orange-red about 1 cm. thick; sapwood pale yellow. Young tree has thin scaly bark, in the old tree it becomes rough and scaly or flaky. |
Branches and branchlets or twigs : | Irregular branches, young twigs yellow-brown; in the old tree they have long cones stand upwards. |
Exudates : | Reddish-orange resin and scented. |
Leaves : | Needles like, alternate, arranged at the tip of branchlet, pointing toward the terminal shoots, flattened into two rows, linear or falcate, at about 0.2-0.5 x 3-7 cm. in size, apex acute, base acute, margin entire, young leaves light green, blade glabrous. Two ranges of stomata on the lower surface visible by magnifying glass. |
Inflorescences or flowers : | The female cone upright, cylindrical, terminal on short lateral branches in the upper part of tree, about 9-20 cm. long and 4-7 cm. in diameter, the male appear in cluster from a single lateral bud. |
Fruits : | Cone green when young and brown when old then turning black. |
Seeds : | Numerous brown winged seeds inside cones. About 0.6 cm. long, resinous when crushed. |