Ficus exasperata Vahl. - MORACEAE

Synonym : Ficus asperrima Roxb.

Vernacular names : Tamil: Irambarattam; Maramthinni atthiMalayalam: Parakam; TherakamKannada: Gargatti aalada mara

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Botanical descriptions Ecology Distribution Literatures

Botanical descriptions :

Habit : Deciduous trees, up to 18 m tall.
Trunk & Bark : Bark pale, greenish, lenticellate.
Branches and branchlets : Young branchlets terete, with stout white scabrid hairs.
Exudates : Latex watery, profuse.
Leaves : Leaves simple, alternate, spiral; stipule in pairs, lateral, caducous and leaving scar; petiole 1-6 cm long, canaliculate, with stout white scabrid hairs; lamina 5.5-17 x 3-7.5 cm, broadly elliptic to obovate, apex abruptly acuminate, base rounded or acute-cuneate; margin denticulate or sinuate to crenate (rarely lobed), scabrid on both surface, coriaceous; 3-nerved at base; midrib slightly raised above; secondary_nerves 3-6 pairs, prominent; tertiary_nerves broadly percurrent.
Inflorescence / Flower : Inflorescence syconia, axillary, solitary, scabrid; flowers unisexual; peduncle to 1.5 cm.
Fruit and Seed : Syconium, obovoid, up to 1.5 cm long, yellow or purple when ripe; achene oblong.

Ecology :

Trees in disturbed evergreen to semi-evergreen forests up to 1200 m.

Distribution :

India, East Africa, Arabia and Sri Lanka; in the Western_Ghats- South, Central and Maharashtra Sahyadris.

Literatures :

Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 197. 1805; Gamble, Fl. Madras 3: 1366.1998 (re.ed); Sasidharan, Biodiversity documentation for Kerala- Flowering Plants, part 6: 439. 2004; Saldanha, Fl. Karnataka 1: 116.1984; Cook, Fl. Bombay 2: 653. 1902; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 4b: 361. 2003.

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