Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels - MYRTACEAE

Synonym : Myrtus cumini L.; Eugenia jambolana Lam. Syzygium jambolanum (Lam.) DC.

Vernacular names : Tamil: NavalMalayalam: Kattuchampa; Naga; Naval; Njara; Hjaval; Perinnaral; PorinjaraKannada: Nerula; Neeram; Nerale

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Botanical descriptions Ecology Distribution Literatures

Botanical descriptions :

Habit : Large trees up to 20 m tall.
Trunk & Bark : Bark grey or brown, irregularly flaky; blaze brownish.
Branches and branchlets : Young branchlets subterete to slightly quadrangular, glabrous.
Leaves : Leaves simple, opposite, decussate; petiole 1-2.5 cm, canaliculate, glabrous; lamina 7-15 x 3-7 cm, variable in shape, elliptic to wide elliptic or narrow ovate - oblong, apex acute to acuminate with blunt tip, base acute to attenuate or rounded, margin entire, coriaceous, pellucid gland dotted (glands sometimes not visible in thick coriaceous leaves); midrib canaliculate; intramarginal nerve present; secondary_nerves close, parallel; tertiary_nerves admedially ramified.
Inflorescence / Flower : Inflorescence corymbose panicled cyme, in axills of fallen leaves; flowers white.
Fruit and Seed : Berry globose or oblong, crowned by persistent calyx, purple, edible; seed one.

Ecology :

Widely distributed from evergreen to moist deciduous forests across Western_Ghats and plains and often planted as avenue trees.

Distribution :

Indomalaysia; in the Western_Ghats- throughout.

Literatures :

Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull. 248: 2. 1912; Gamble, Fl. Madras 1: 481.1997 (re.ed); Sasidharan, Biodiversity documentation for Kerala- Flowering Plants, part 6: 176. 2004; Saldanha, Fl. Karnataka 2: 27. 1996; Cook, Fl. Bombay 1: 492. 1903; Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 2:270. 1998.

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