Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. - COMBRETACEAE

Synonym : Myrobalanus bellirica Gaertn.

Vernacular names : Tamil:  Akkam, Kattuilupai, Tanri, Thandi, Thandri, Thaani, Vibidagam  Malayalam:  Adamarutha, Thani, Thannymathan, Tusham  Kannada: Behara, Shanti mara, Taarekaayi mara, Tara mara, Tare mara, Thani, Tharo, Vibhita, Vibhitaka

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Botanical descriptions Ecology Distribution Literatures

Botanical descriptions :

Habit : Large deciduous trees, buttressed, up to 40 m tall.
Trunk & Bark : Bark whitish, longitudinally fissured.
Branches and Branchlets : Branchlets terete, glabrous.
Leaves : Leaves simple, alternate, spiral, clustered at the twig ends; petiole 3-10 cm long; flat above, with pair of sessile glands just above the middle, sometimes indistinct; lamina 8-20 x 4-14 cm, broad elliptic or broad obovate, apex rounded to abruptly short acuminate, base cuneate, margin entire, coriaceous, pubescent, when young on both sides, later glabrous; midrib flat above; secondary_nerves 6-8 pairs, gradually curved; tertiary_nerves reticulo-percurrent.
Inflorescence / Flower : Inflorescence axillary spikes; flowers sessile, creamy white.
Fruit and Seed : Drupe, globose or ovoid, slightly 5 ridged, 3 cm across; 1-seeded.

Ecology :

Emergent in the openings of evergreen to semi-evergreen forests up to 1400 m.

Distribution :

Indomalaysia; through out the Western_Ghats.

Literatures :

Roxbourgh, Pl. Cor. 198. 1805; Gamble, Fl. Madras 1: 463. 1997 (re. ed); Sasidharan, Biodiversity documentation for Kerala- Flowering Plants, part 6: 171. 2004; Cook, Fl. Bombay 1: 478. 1902; Saldanha, Fl. Karnataka 2: 50. 1996.

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